1.1 Whole-genome sequencing - What & Why
What is Whole-Genome Sequencing?
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a laboratory technique used to determine the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome. Unlike traditional methods that target specific genes, WGS sequences every part of the genome, providing a comprehensive view of the organism’s genetic makeup.
Why is WGS important in microbiology?
WGS has revolutionized microbiology by enabling us to:
- Identify pathogens quickly and accurately: WGS can identify bacteria, viruses, and fungi with high precision, even distinguishing between closely related strains.
- Track the spread of infectious diseases: By comparing the genomes of different isolates, we can trace the transmission routes of pathogens and identify sources of outbreaks.
- Detect antimicrobial resistance (AMR): WGS can identify genes that confer resistance to antibiotics, helping us understand how resistance spreads and how to combat it.
- Characterize new pathogens: WGS allows us to identify and characterize novel pathogens, which is crucial for developing new diagnostic tools and treatments.